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黑格尔在其著作《法哲学原理》中第一次将市民社会与国家进行了学理分野,强调国家与市民社会的二元分离。认为国家是目的而非手段,市民社会的不自足性需要理性的国家进行补救,国家决定市民社会,其实质是为当时的普鲁士国家政权服务的。在当前全球性的市民社会思潮中,在认识国家与市民社会的关系问题上,黑格尔的市民社会概念虽然有一定的历史局限性,但仍然是理论上的源泉。在这一思潮中,中国大陆等地区的学者也提出了关于中国市民社会与国家关系的学理架构设想。民法作为市民社会的一般私法,其领域必将随着中国市民社会的逐步形成和发展而扩大,以适应社会关系发展变化的需求。
For the first time in his book Principles of Legal Philosophy, Hegel has divided civil society and state into two parts, emphasizing the dual separation between state and civil society. They think that the state is the purpose rather than the means. The civil society’s self-insufficiency needs rational countries to remedy. The state decides the civil society, and its essence is to serve the current Prussian state power. In the current global trend of civil society, Hegel’s concept of civil society is still a theoretical source although it has some historical limitations in understanding the relationship between state and civil society. In this trend of thought, academics in mainland China and other regions have also put forward the tentative plan on the theoretical framework of the relationship between civil society and the state in China. Civil law, as the common private law of civil society, is bound to expand with the gradual formation and development of Chinese civil society to meet the needs of the development and changes of social relations.