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目的通过对阿克苏地区儿童少年人群2004~2006年的传染病疫情资料分析,以了解发病规律、流行趋势和特征,为制定传染病防治策略提供依据。方法采集《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》相应资料以及相关的人口等资料,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果3年中,地区无甲类传染病报告。同期,5~19岁的儿少人群的地区总传染病发病率为455.75/10万,其中乙类传染病发病率为312.53/10万;丙类传染病发病率为143.22/10万。它们分别占相应的乙、丙类传染病报告数的14.13%和60.43%;儿少是丙类传染病发病的主体。儿少人群的前五种高发传染病是:病毒性肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、肺结核、细菌性痢疾、麻疹(或感染性腹泻),该五种疾病的报告数分别占当年的儿少人群传染病报告数的89.07%,92.35%,95.62%。结论改善卫生条件和养成良好饮食卫生习惯仍然是预防肠道传染病的主要措施,并且需加强学校卫生工作的领导和管理,使校医和保健教师真正承担起学校传染病预防控制工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological data of infectious diseases in children and adolescents aged from 2004 to 2006 in Aksu region in order to understand the pathogenesis, epidemiological trends and characteristics of infectious diseases and provide evidences for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The data of Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System and relevant population were collected and analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results In 3 years, there was no report of class A infectious diseases in the area. In the same period, the incidence of total infectious diseases among children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years was 455.75 / 100,000, of which the incidence of type B infectious diseases was 312.53 / 100,000; the incidence of type C infectious diseases was 143.22 / 100,000. They account for 14.13% and 60.43% of the corresponding reported cases of Category B and C infectious diseases respectively. Children and adolescents are the main pathogens of Category C infectious diseases. The top five infectious diseases in children and adolescents are viral hepatitis, mumps, tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery, measles (or infectious diarrhea), and the reported numbers of these five diseases account for the small number of children infected 89.07%, 92.35%, 95.62% of the reported cases. Conclusions Improving hygiene conditions and developing healthy eating habits are still the main measures to prevent intestinal infectious diseases. It is also necessary to strengthen the leadership and management of school health work so that school doctors and health teachers can really take up the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.