Anti-virus prophylactic therapy may be not necessary for the prevention of hepatitis B virus(HBV) recurrence after HBV-related liver transplantation(LT).However,studies on completely stopping the hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG) and nucleos(t)ide analogs(NUC) after LT are few.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety of antivirus prophylaxis withdrawal in liver recipients whose serum hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) and HBV DNA are negative.We analyzed 190 patients undergone LT for HBV-related liver disease from 2006 to 2012 and found that 10 patients completely stopped the HBIG and NUC due to poor compliance.These patients were liver biopsied and checked monthly with serum HBV markers,HBV DNA and liver function.Among the 10 patients,9 did not show the signs of HBV recurrence after a mean follow-up of 51.6 months(range 20-73) after withdrawal of the HBIG and NUC.The average time from LT to the withdrawal of the anti-virus drug was 23.8(13-42) months; one patient showed hepatitis B surface antigen-positive and detectable HBV DNA after stopping anti-virus drugs and this patient was successfully treated with entecavir.Our data suggested that complete withdrawal of anti-virus prophylaxis was safe and feasible for patients whose serum HBe Ag and HBV DNA were negative at the time of LT. Anti-virus prophylactic therapy may be not necessary for the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after HBV-related liver transplantation (LT). Despite, studies on completely stopping the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and nucleos (t) ide analogs (NUC) after LT are few. AIM The current study was to evaluate the safety of antivirus prophylaxis withdrawal in liver recipients whose serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA are negative. We analyzed 190 patients undergone LT for HBV-related liver disease from 2006 to 2012 and found that 10 patients completely stopped the HBIG and NUC due to poor compliance. The patients were liver biopsied and checked monthly with serum HBV markers, Amdthe the 10 patients, 9 did not show the signs of HBV recurrence after a mean follow-up of 51.6 months (range 20-73) after withdrawal of the HBIG and NUC.The average time from LT to the withdrawal of the anti-virus drug was 23.8 (13- 42) months; one patient showed hepa titis B surface antigen-positive and detectable HBV DNA after stopping anti-virus drugs and this patient was successfully treated with entecavir. Our data suggested that complete withdrawal of anti-virus prophylaxis was safe and feasible for patients whose serum HBe Ag and HBV DNA were negative at the time of LT.