1．在进入正题之前，我们先看一看一些众所周知的基本情况：按劳分配的经济既可以通过市场和货币实现平衡，也可以在中央计划经济下通过实物分配来实现。这两种模式都比较抽象且远离现实，但它们是我们分析现实经济体制及其转型的基础。尽管各国现行体制不尽相同，也都不是自发 1. Before we get into the subject, let us take a look at some well-known basic situations: the economy of distribution according to work can be balanced both in the market and in the currency, and can be realized through the distribution in kind under the centrally planned economy. Both models are abstract and far from reality, but they are the basis for our analysis of the real economic system and its transformation. Although the existing systems vary from one country to another, they are not spontaneous