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一、案情与问题中国国家海洋局2006年1月9日发布的《2005年中国海洋环境质量公报》表明,2005年全海域共发现赤潮82次,较2004年减少约15%,累计发生面积约27070km~2,与2004年基本持平;但有毒藻类引发的赤潮次数和面积大幅增加,共38次,面积约14930km~2;因赤潮造成的直接经济损失逾6900万元。海洋环境污染实例一:2005年8月19日,山东烟台的金沙滩上出现大量死亡的飞蛤、蛏子、螃蟹等海洋生物。接到报告后,烟台金沙滩开发区环保局和开发区海监大队立刻展开了监察监测,发现是市区生活垃圾处理场渗滤液输送管道发生泄漏,而渗滤液中包含有毒有害物质,使水质发生了变化,加上沿岸企业的排污、废渣撒落被雨水冲入海中等导致海水被污染。海洋环境污染实例二:2004年12月7日,两艘外籍集装箱船在珠江口相撞,一船燃油舱破裂,450吨重油漂向大海,在海上形成一条长9海里的油带,成为中国船舶碰撞最大的一次溢油事故。事故主要责任方“MSC伊伦娜”轮与“现代促进”轮船东、船舶管理人、保赔协会,与主要索赔方广东海事局、广东海洋与渔业局及美国美亚保险公司上海分公司的诉讼代理人,目前(2006年8月)在广州海事法院签署了赔偿金额为850万美元的调解书。
I. Case and Issues China State Oceanic Administration released “China’s Marine Environmental Quality Bulletin 2005” on January 9, 2006, which showed that a total of 82 red tides were found in all the sea areas in 2005, a decrease of about 15% as compared with that in 2004, with an accumulated area of about 27070km ~ 2, basically the same as in 2004; however, the number and area of red tide caused by toxic algae increased greatly for a total of 38 times with an area of about 14930km ~ 2; and the direct economic loss caused by the red tide exceeded 69 million yuan. Marine Environmental Pollution Example 1: On August 19, 2005, a large number of dead marine animals such as clams, clams and crabs were found on the golden beach in Yantai, Shandong Province. Upon receipt of the report, the environmental protection bureau of Yantai Jinshatan Development Zone and the marine monitoring team of the development zone immediately started monitoring and monitoring and found that leakage occurred in the leachate delivery pipe of the municipal solid waste disposal plant. The leachate contained toxic and harmful substances, The changes have taken place. Coupled with the sewage discharge from enterprises along the coasts, the waste slag has been spilled into the sea by rainwater and the seawater is polluted. Marine Environmental Pollution Example 2: On December 7, 2004, two foreign container ships collided at the Pearl River estuary. A fuel tank broke down and 450 tons of heavy oil floated to the sea to form a 9-nautical mile oil belt on the sea and became China The largest ship collision oil spill. The main responsible party of accident “MSC Iruna” and “modern promotion” ship owners, ship managers, the P & I Club, and the main claims Guangdong Maritime Safety Administration, Guangdong Marine and Fisheries Bureau and the United States and Asia-Pacific insurance company in Shanghai Attorney Agent of the branch, at present (August 2006) signed a conciliation statement in Guangzhou Maritime Court with the compensation amount of 8.5 million U.S. dollars.