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遗嘱是自然人生前作出的财产处分于其死后发生法律效力的单方法律行为。遗嘱的有效要件是对遗嘱过度自由的限定,具有保障遗嘱的真实性和维护家庭伦理的两大功能。遗嘱有效要件由实质要件和形式要件构成,实质要件从遗嘱能力、意思表示真实、内容合法三方面设定;形式要件则明确各种遗嘱应当具备的形式,形式要件是检验实质要件的客观标准。
Wills are unilateral legal acts that take place before the death of the property in respect of property disposals made before natural life. The effective requirements of a will are the excessive freedom of wills, the two functions of guaranteeing the authenticity of wills and safeguarding family ethics. The valid requirements of a will consist of substantive elements and formal elements. The substantive elements are set from the will ability, the true meaning, and the legal content. The formal elements clarify the forms that all kinds of wills possess. The formal elements are the objective criteria for testing substantive elements.