最早的科学评价可以追溯到1665年英国《哲学汇刊》的创刊。该刊理事会成员指定会员对《哲学汇刊》收到的稿件进行审理,确认其是否值得公开发表,这便是公认的最早的同行评议。后来,学术界把承担期刊审稿工作的学者称为科学的“守门人”(gatekeeper)。目前,同行评议已经渗透到科学评价的各个领域,如期 The earliest scientific evaluation dates back to the founding of the British Philosophy Bulletin in 1665. It is generally recognized as the earliest peer review that designated members of the council board hear the manuscripts received by Philosophical Newspapers and confirm whether they are worth publishing publicly. Later academics called academics who took over peer reviewers a science gatekeeper. At present, peer review has infiltrated all areas of scientific evaluation, as scheduled