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本文在掌握各国私有化特点的基础上,对私有化的模式进行多层次的划分、比较和论述。在第一层次,按私有化手段划分为证券私有化(大众私有化)模式和货币私有化模式,按私有化进展划分为大规模私有化模式和个案私有化模式,按私有化方式划分为各种不同私有化模式,按私有化结果划分为内部人控制模式和外部人多数股权模式。在第二层次,把证券私有化在各国的采用情况分为三类:作为主要方式,采用而未作主要方式,根本没有采用;把证券私有化在各国的具体做法也分为三类:给企业职工优惠较大,给企业职工优惠较小而重视发挥投资基金的作用,介于前两者之间。货币私有化模式的难点是快速私有化与缺乏原始资本的矛盾,各国依据本国国情、针对这一矛盾而形成了不同的做法:优惠出售,国有股份抵押贷款和债转股,向外国人出售,典型货币私有化。这使不同国家私有化的不同结果得到了有说服力的解释。
On the basis of grasping the privatization characteristics of all countries, this article divides, compares and discusses the privatization modes at different levels. At the first level, privatization (privatization of securities) and privatization of currency are divided into privatization (privatization) and privatization (privatization). According to privatization, privatization is divided into large-scale privatization and case privatization. According to privatization, Different types of privatization, according to the results of privatization is divided into internal control mode and external majority ownership model. At the second level, the privatization of securities is divided into three categories in all countries: adoption as the primary method, not the primary method, and no adoption at all; the privatization of securities in each country is also divided into three categories: Concessions for business workers are larger, giving less benefits to employees and emphasizing the role of investment funds, ranging from the first two. The crux of the privatization of currency is the contradiction between rapid privatization and the lack of original capital. Different countries have taken a different approach to this contradiction according to their national conditions: preferential sale, mortgage-backed state-owned shares and debt-for-equity swap, sale to foreigners, Typical currency privatization. This gives a convincing explanation of the different outcomes of privatization in different countries.