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目的 评价扩散峰度成像(DKI)直方图分析在评价血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)患者脑白质损害中的价值,明确DKI在评价脑组织结构变化中的作用.方法 对34例皮质下缺血性血管病(SIVD)导致的VCI患者和43例认知功能正常的SIVD患者(对照组)行DKI检查.取每个被试的全脑脑白质(WBWM)和正常表现脑白质(NAWM)的扩散张量成像(DTI)和DKI参数做直方图分析,并进行两组间比较.运用Pearson相关分析评价VCI患者认知损害严重程度与各直方图指标的相关性.结果 VCI患者DKI和DTI直方图中的大部分参数均与对照组存在显著差异.VCI患者认知障碍的严重程度与WBWM和NAWM中的平均扩散峰度(MK)和MK峰位置显著相关.结论 DKI与DTI技术均可以揭示VCI患者白质微结构改变,直方图的平均MK值和MK峰位置可以作为评价VCI严重程度的指标.“,”Objective This study evaluated the importance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) histogram analysis in discerning white matter (WM) injury in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) patients.There was determination of the validity of DKI parameters in provision of additional information in understanding structural tissue changes compared with DTI parameters.Methods DKI was pedormed in 34 VCI subjects caused by subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) and 43 normal cognitive subcortical ischemic vascular disease(SIVD) subjects(control).Histograms of diffusion tensor-derived and diffusion kurtosis-derived parameters for the whole brain white matter (WBWM) and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in each subject were obtained.Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to correlate DKI and DTI histogram-derived measurements with cognitive dysfunction in VCI patients.Results Significant differences in most parameters derived from the histogram analysis were observed in VCI patients compared with controls.Moreover,the severi ty of cognitive dysfunction was significantly correlated with the mean MK and MK histogram peak location of the WBWMand NAWM.Conclusion Both DKI and DTI can reveal microstructural alteration in the WM of VCI patients.Mean MK and MK histogram peak location may be good markers of VCI.