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稀土矿的无序开采既造成了稀土资源的浪费,也导致了水土流失和环境污染等一系列环境问题。论文基于通用土壤流失方程(USLE),利用江西省赣州市的稀土矿调查点数据、遥感数据、气象数据和基础地理数据分别测算了基准参考区(未受稀土开采干扰的植被覆盖较好的区域)与稀土矿开采所导致的植被破坏区内的土壤侵蚀量,通过对二者的横向对比估算由稀土开采所导致的土壤侵蚀量,并进一步对稀土开采所导致的水土保持实物量及价值量损失进行了核算。结果表明:1)赣州市稀土开采所导致的土壤侵蚀极为严重,相较于基准参考区较低的土壤侵蚀模数[平均为2 345.9 t/(km~2·a)],矿区及其周边的平均土壤侵蚀模数达到了8 487.5t/(km~2·a),土壤侵蚀严重区甚至高达70 000 t/(km~2·a)以上,总体上,赣州市2013年稀土矿开采所导致的土壤侵蚀量为646 917 t;2)赣州市稀土开采所导致的水土保持实物量及价值量损失巨大,2013年,赣州市稀土开采所导致的水土保持价值损失量为461 921.3万元,占到了其当年总产值的12.35%。论文构建的水土保持价值损失评估方法可为其他类似矿区的评估提供解决思路,研究结果可为稀土矿区生态评估、稀土资源定价以及矿区的生态环境管理提供依据。
The disorder mining of rare earth mine not only caused the waste of rare earth resources, but also led to a series of environmental problems such as soil erosion and environmental pollution. Based on the generalized soil loss equation (USLE), the data of reference sites, remote sensing data, meteorological data and basic geographic data of rare earths in Ganzhou City of Jiangxi Province were used to calculate the basic reference areas (areas not covered by rare earth mined vegetation cover better ) And the amount of soil erosion in the vegetation-damaged area caused by exploitation of rare earth mines, and through horizontal comparison between them, the amount of soil erosion caused by the exploitation of rare earths is estimated, and further the physical and quantitative loss of soil and water conservation caused by rare earth mining Accounting. The results show that: 1) Soil erosion caused by rare earth mining in Ganzhou City is very serious. Compared with the low soil erosion modulus [2 345.9 t / (km ~ 2 · a)] in the reference area, the mining area and its surroundings The average soil erosion modulus reached 8 487.5 t / (km ~ 2 · a) and the soil erosion area was even above 70 000 t / (km ~ 2 · a). In general, Resulting in a soil erosion amount of 646 917 t; 2) huge loss of water and soil conservation in Ganzhou City caused by rare earth mining, in 2013, loss of soil and water conservation caused by rare earth mining in Ganzhou City was 4,619.231 million yuan, accounting for To 12.35% of its total output value. The evaluation method of soil and water conservation value loss constructed in this paper can provide solutions for the assessment of other similar mines. The results can provide the basis for ecological assessment of rare earth mines, pricing of rare earth resources and ecological environment management in mines.