典故中记载了大量隐士的轶闻趣事,从中可以看到古代隐士们的生活原生态。笔者认为典故中记载的中国古代归隐隐士可分成四种类型:一是本身厌恶尘世,崇尚自然而归隐的高洁之士;二是本身有为官之欲,但因官场黑暗或乱世等原因无奈选择“独善”、“出世”的不得志之人;三是功臣大将于建功立业后,为保全自身而主动引退山林的时务之士;四是将归隐看作出世之政治资本的伪隐士。 Allusions recorded in a large number of hermit anecdotes, from which you can see the ancient hermit life. The author thinks that the ancient Chinese recluse hermits recorded in the allusions can be divided into four types: one is the pride of oneself who is aversion to the earth and the one who advocates nature and seclusion; the other is the desire of the government, but it is helpless to choose because of the dark or chaotic officialdom “Goodwill”, “born” of the illiterate people; third is the meritorious generals after the founding of merits, in order to preserve themselves and take the initiative to retire the forerunner of the mountains and forests; Fourth, will be hidden as the birth of the political capital of the pseudo-hermit.