Microstructures of Cu-based alloys (including Cu0.8Cr0.05La, Cu0.8Cr0.1La, Cu0.8Cr0.4La, Cu0.8Cr0.05Y,Cu0.8Cr0.1Y and Cu0.8Cr0.4Y) were studied by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Scanning electron microscope and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that La and Y refine the grains and change the distribution of microstructures of Cu-Cr alloys. The sizes of Cr particles are smaller in CuCrRE alloys than in CuCr alloy. In CuCrLa and CuCrY alloys, La and Y usually respectively exist as compounds of Cu6La and Cu5Y. These compounds distribute in the grains with sphere shape and on the grain-boundaries with slice shape.