(一) 理论界围绕能动性与客观性规律的关系问题,曾进行过长期的讨论。有的同志认为,两者是决定与被决定的关系;也有的在承认决定与被决定的关系的基础上,认为能动性在一定条件下起决定性的反作用。两种观点的共同之处是,都认为能动性与客观规律是对立统一的关系。我认为,能动性与客观规律并不是相对应的范畴,因而构不成对立统一或者谁决定谁的现实关系,也不存在一定条件下主观能动性对客观规律的决定性反作用的问题。我们通常所说的能动性(或主观能动性、自觉能动性、主体能动性),首先指的是主体的一种属性,是主体自主、自动、自觉地进行创造、适应对象世界的特性。毛泽东曾指出,自觉的能动性是人区别于物的特性。主体创造对象世界,是通过自己的活动、并在活动中实现的。这无论是在思维领域创造一个观念的对象世界,还是在实在领域创造一个物质的对象 (1) Theorists have conducted long-term discussions on the relationship between the law of motivation and the law of objectivity. Some comrades think that the two decide the relationship with the decision, while others recognize the relationship between the decision and the decision, and think that the initiative has a decisive adverse effect under certain conditions. The common point between the two points of view is that both the initiative and the objective law are opposite and unity. In my opinion, the initiative and the objective law are not the corresponding categories. Therefore, there is no question of the decisive reaction of the subjective initiative to the objective law under certain conditions. We usually refer to the initiative (or subjective initiative, subjective initiative, subjective initiative), first of all refers to a property of the subject, is the subject of autonomy, self-consciously to create, adapt to the characteristics of the object world. Mao Zedong once pointed out that conscious initiative is a distinguishing characteristic of people. The subject creates the object world through its own activities and activities. Whether it is creating an object-oriented world of ideas in the field of thinking or creating a material object in the real world