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以15个香菇栽培品种为材料,对尿嘧啶核苷酸-胞嘧啶核苷酸激酶基因(UMP-CMP kinase gene,uck1)、分裂原活化蛋白激酶基因(mitogen-activated protein kinase gene,mapk)和外切β-1,3葡聚糖酶基因(exo-β-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene,exg1)进行了部分序列的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)分析。结果表明,测序中出现的双峰,是菌丝双核体细胞中两细胞核之间的差异造成的。在采用uck1、mapk和exg1的3,126bp中,共发现48处多态性位点,发生频率为1/65bp,其中36个属于转换、12个为颠换。从群体发生频率上,38个属于超过10%的常见SNP,10个属于罕见SNP。不同基因的SNP发生频率不同,uck1、mapk和exg1的SNP发生频率分别为1.40%、0.82%和2.41%。外显子区SNP数量高于内含子,3个基因在外显子区域分布28个,内含子分布20个。外显子的28个SNP位点中,11个为错义突变,17个为同义突变。错义突变引起了编码氨基酸的改变。对SNP位点的聚类分析表明,15个栽培品种间存在的多态性位点在1–36之间,15个品种的SNP类型不同。uck1,mapk,exg1的SNP可用于香菇栽培品种的鉴别。
Fifteen mushroom cultivars were used as materials to investigate the effects of UMP-CMP kinase gene (uck1), mitogen-activated protein kinase gene (MAPK) and A partial nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the exo-β-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene (exg1) was performed. The results showed that the bimodal peaks in the sequencing were caused by the differences between the two cell nuclei in myeloblasts. Of the 3,126 bp using uck1, mapk and exg1, 48 polymorphic sites were found, with a frequency of 1 / 65bp, of which 36 belonged to conversion and 12 were transversion. From the frequency of occurrence of the population, 38 common SNPs belonging to more than 10% and 10 belonging to rare SNPs. The frequencies of different gene SNPs were different. The frequencies of SNPs of uck1, mapk and exg1 were 1.40%, 0.82% and 2.41% respectively. The number of SNPs in exon was higher than that in introns, and the distribution of three genes in exon was 28 and intron was 20. Of the 28 SNPs in exons, 11 were missense mutations and 17 were synonymous mutations. Missense mutations cause changes in the encoded amino acids. Cluster analysis of SNP loci showed that the polymorphic loci in 15 cultivars ranged from 1 to 36, and the 15 cultivars had different types of SNPs. The SNPs of uck1, mapk, exg1 can be used for the identification of mushroom cultivars.