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在前苏联东北地区Anadyr盆地和Khatyrka盆地的油气勘探实践表明,地球化学勘探方法在冻土带内特别有效。本文介绍了随季节而解冻的土壤层、近地表大气和地衣中甲烷及其同系物的含量在时间和空间上的变化。隆冬季节,近地表地层冻结,从地球内部向上运移的气体便聚集于其中。到了温暖的春季,地表解冻,聚集于其中的气体扩散到大气中,致使近地表大气中烃的含量高出夏末时的几十倍或几百倍。太阳辐射强度对大气中白昼的甲烷含量产生影响。地衣被认为是识别地表烃类污染的精确指标。
Oil and gas exploration practices in the Anadyr and Khatyrka basins in the former Soviet Union northeast region have shown that geochemical exploration methods are particularly effective in tundra. This paper presents the time and space changes of the content of methane and its homologues in the soil layer, near-surface atmosphere and lichen thawed with seasons. During the winter season, near-surface formations freeze and the gases that migrate upward from the interior of the earth are collected. By the warm spring season, the surface is thawed, and the gas gathered in it diffuses into the atmosphere, causing the hydrocarbon content in the near-surface atmosphere to be several times or hundreds of times higher than in the late summer. The intensity of solar radiation has an effect on the methane content of the atmosphere during the daytime. Lichens are considered as accurate indicators of surface hydrocarbon contamination.