在讲英语的国家里,人类学的研究领域一向以研究原始社会为传统。这门兼有政治、学术双重性质的学科在马克思主义的发展中究竟起着怎样的重要作用呢?正如恩格斯在马克思葬礼上所致的悼词中所强调的那样,马克思首先是一位革命家。他所重视的是对未解放人民的研究,而传统的人类学领域对他来说,最初可能是陌生的。事实上,他的这一最大兴趣,这一传给恩格斯和其他马克思主义革命者的兴趣,既不是偶然的,也不是浮于表面的,而是他的思想与其他一切革命家,无论他的前辈抑或同代人的思想相区 In English-speaking countries, the field of anthropological research has traditionally been the study of primitive society as a tradition. What is the important role played by this dual political and academic discipline in the development of Marxism? As emphasized by Engels in his eulogy at Marx’s funeral, Marx was first and foremost a revolutionary. What he values ​​is the study of the non-liberated people, and the traditional field of anthropology may be strange to him at first. In fact, his greatest interest, the interest which was imparted to Engels and other Marxist revolutionaries, was neither accidental nor superficial, but rather his thought and all other revolutionaries, no matter his predecessors Or contemporaries thought phase