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目的了解衡水地区孕妇妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的发病率,并探讨相关危险因素,为妊娠期糖尿病的预防和治疗提供依据。方法以2012-2014年来衡水市人民医院产科门诊就诊的孕妇为研究对象,孕周24~28周,进行口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),记录血糖水平。按照年龄分为19~岁、25~岁、31~岁、40~岁组。详细记录孕妇的相关临床资料,包括职业、年龄、家族糖尿病史、血脂情况等,并对其进行统计学分析。结果 1 035例孕妇中检出GDM 82例,阳性率为7.92%。2012-2014年GDM的发病率分别为5.07%、7.74%和10.25%。31~岁和40~岁组的孕妇发病率明显高于19~岁和25~岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有糖尿病家族史的孕妇GDM发病率明显高于无糖尿病家族史的孕妇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),GDM孕妇甘油三酯、胆固醇水平明显高于正常孕妇。结论 GDM发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,高龄、糖尿病家族史、甘油三酯、胆固醇等因素与GDM的发病率密切相关。
Objective To understand the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women in Hengshui area and to explore the related risk factors for the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods Pregnant women from obstetrics outpatient department of Hengshui People ’s Hospital from 2012 to 2014 were enrolled in this study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on the 24th week to the 28th week of gestation. The blood glucose level was recorded. According to the age is divided into 19 ~ 25 years old, 31 ~ 40 years old group. Detailed records of pregnant women related clinical data, including occupation, age, family history of diabetes, blood lipids, etc., and its statistical analysis. Results GDM was detected in 1 035 pregnant women with a positive rate of 7.92%. The incidence of GDM in 2012-2014 was 5.07%, 7.74% and 10.25% respectively. The incidence of pregnant women in 31 ~ 40 years old group was significantly higher than that in 19 ~ 25 years old group, with statistical significance (P <0.05). The incidence of GDM in pregnant women with a family history of diabetes was significantly higher than that of pregnant women without a family history of diabetes (P <0.05). The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in GDM pregnant women were significantly higher than those in normal pregnant women. Conclusions The incidence of GDM is increasing year by year. The factors of aging, family history of diabetes, triglyceride and cholesterol are closely related to the incidence of GDM.