欧盟法中的公共政策及其对国际商事仲裁的影响

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本文共分为四大部分。第一部分研究了欧盟法与其成员国法的关系问题。其主要内容有:欧盟法与成员国法之间相互联系又相互独立的状况;直接效力原则、最高效力原则、辅助性原则与相称性原则,是处理欧盟法与成员国法关系的基本原则;欧盟作为其成员国的政治和经济利益的代理人,其自身亦有独立的公共政策,这些公共政策体现在欧盟法具体规则之中,但是,欧盟公共政策并没有取代成员国公共政策,而是渗入到了其成员国公共政策之中,成为成员国公共政策的一部分。第二部分研究了欧盟的公共政策在其成员国的贯彻问题。其主要内容包括:欧盟成员国法院在处理有关国际商事仲裁案件时,不仅应适用本国法律,还有义务适用欧盟法,不仅应考虑本国的公共政策,还应考虑欧盟的公共政策;当法院对于欧盟法的适用有疑问时,可以向欧洲法院提出初裁申请,由欧洲法院作出裁判;欧洲法院的判例表明,欧盟的公共政策不仅包括实体性的公共政策,还包括程序性的公共政策;但是,当事人在仲裁裁决执行过程中所作出的公共政策抗辩会受到约束与限制,即只有违反欧盟公共政策核心内容的裁决,当事人才会被拒绝承认与执行。第三部分研究了仲裁庭审理案件时对欧盟法的适用问题。其主要内容有:仲裁庭的裁决应尊重主权国家的公共政策,在仲裁过程中应注意欧盟公共政策的影响,应遵守构成欧盟公共政策核心内容的强制性规则;否则,裁决可能被撤销或不予承认和执行;但是与法院不同的是,仲裁庭不能因欧盟法的适用问题向欧洲法院提起初裁申请。第四部分析了欧盟法适用的具体范例——Eco Swiss案,并讨论了欧洲法院对该案的裁决以及法国、瑞士对此案的态度与观点。 This article is divided into four parts. The first part studies the relationship between EU law and its member states law. Its main contents are: the EU law and the law of member states are interrelated and independent of each other; the principle of direct effectiveness, the principle of the highest effectiveness, the principle of subsidiarity and the principle of proportionality is to deal with the EU law and the law of member states the basic principles of the EU as a The political and economic interests of their member states also have their own independent public policies. These public policies are embodied in the specific rules of the EU law. However, the EU’s public policies do not replace the public policies of member states but penetrate into The public policies of its member states become part of the public policies of member states. The second part studies the implementation of the EU’s public policy in its member states. Its main contents include: When handling the cases concerning international commercial arbitration, EU member states courts should not only apply their own laws, but also have the obligation to apply the EU law. They should not only consider their own public policies, but also consider the EU’s public policies. When the application of the EU law is in doubt, an application for a preliminary ruling can be made to the European Court of Justice for adjudication by the European Court of Justice. The jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice shows that the EU’s public policy includes not only substantive public policies but also procedural public policies. However, The parties will be bound and limited in their public policy defense during the enforcement of the arbitration ruling, that is, only if the party violates the ruling of the core of the EU public policy, the parties will be refused recognition and enforcement. The third part studies the application of the EU law in the arbitration tribunal’s handling of the case. Its main contents are as follows: The arbitration tribunal’s award should respect the public policy of the sovereign state. During the arbitration process, it should pay attention to the influence of the EU public policy and should abide by the mandatory rules that form the core of the EU public policy. Otherwise, the verdict may be revoked or not However, unlike the courts, the arbitral tribunal can not file a preliminary application to the European Court of Justice for the application of EU law. The fourth part analyzes the concrete example of the application of EU law - ECO Swiss case, and discusses the European Court of Justice’s ruling on the case as well as France and Switzerland’s attitudes and opinions on the case.
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