论文部分内容阅读
一、前言 关税和贸易总协定(GATT,以下简称“协定”)被认为是最成功的国际协定之一,尽管在适用上有诸多困难,但它为国际贸易提供了基本的国际法律的模式。它之所以有如此的功效,在于其确定的内容及解决争端的程序。运用该程序已解决了140多起案件,远远超过了国际法院审结的案件数量。自1945年以来,国际法院平均每年解决一个争议案件。“协定”解决争端的程序是独具特色的。就程序而言,第23条第2款这个核心条文,不仅是提供了协商程序,为了进一步的限定,这个程序规定为相互分离且存在很大差别的阶段。第一个阶段是调解,相当于缔约国全体所进行的外交干预,这是在作出成立一个专家小组的决
I. INTRODUCTION The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is considered as one of the most successful international agreements. Although it has many difficulties in its application, it provides a basic model of international law for international trade. The reason why it has so much power lies in its content and procedure of dispute settlement. More than 140 cases have been solved using this procedure, far exceeding the number of cases concluded by the International Court of Justice. On average, the International Court of Justice has settled a controversial case every year since 1945. The “dispute settlement agreement” process is unique. In terms of procedure, the core provision of article 23, paragraph 2, not only provides for the negotiation process, but for further qualification, this procedure provides for periods of separation and significant differences. The first stage is mediation, which is equivalent to the diplomatic intervention carried out by all the parties in the State party. This is the result of the decision to establish an expert panel