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肝移植是根治原发性肝癌的一个重要的治疗方法，但是术后高复发转移率却严重影响了其治疗肝癌的疗效。随着分子生物学的深入研究，发现了许多与肝癌肝移植术后复发转移相关的指标。主要从基因水平、蛋白质表达、肿瘤标志物、血清病毒等方面对这些指标进行归纳总结，并分析其对肝移植术后肿瘤复发转移的预测价值。认为尽管越来越多的分子标志物被发现，但仍不足以指导临床。因此，仍需继续加强研究，以便寻找合适的分子标志物来预测肿瘤的复发及转移。“,”Liver transplantation is an essential treatment of primary liver cancer,but the postoperative high risk of recurrence and metastasis has seriously affected the effect of liver transplantation.With the development of molecular biology,researchers have found numerous molec-ular markers potentially related to the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer after liver transplantation.These markers,including genes, proteins,tumor markers,and serum viruses,are summarized,and their predictive values for tumor recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation are analyzed.A growing number of molecular markers have been found,but which is not enough for clinical guidance.There-fore,more studies are needed to identify appropriate molecular markers of tumor recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation.