国防后备力量建设如何适应国防建设指导思想的战略性转变,需要从宏观与微观、决策与执行、理论与实际各个方面加以探讨和解决,但首要而且根本性的是着眼点究竟应该放在哪里,从何处起步,在哪里落脚的问题。在很长一段时期里,我国的民兵建设是在“早打、大打、打核战争”的思想指导下“大办”的。人武工作则以建立民兵组织、落实训练人头作为重点和衡量成果的主要指标。而民兵建设的标准、活动方式及工作方法,又主要是建立在历史经验的基础之上。国防后备力量建设指导思想转变中必须解决的根本问题,就 How to adapt to the strategic transformation of the guiding ideology of national defense construction for the building of national defense reserve forces needs to be discussed and resolved in various fields from the aspects of macroscopical and microcosmic, decision-making and implementation, theory and practice. However, the primary and fundamental consideration should be placed on where it should be placed. Where to start, where to stay. For a very long period of time, the militia building in our country is “doing a great job” under the guidance of the ideology of “early fighting, big fighting and nuclear war.” The establishment of militias and the establishment of civilian militias and implementation of the training plans as the main indicators and the key indicators for measuring results have been carried out. The standards, methods of activities and working methods for militia building are mainly based on historical experience. The Fundamental Problems that Must Be Solved in the Transformation of the Guiding Ideology of National Defense Reserve Forces