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沉默权制度作为刑事诉讼中国家权力与公民权利关系的重要调节器,在维持刑事诉讼合理构造和保障被刑事被追究者人权中发挥着重要的作用。沉默权制度不仅有利于国家法制的完善、司法的公正和公民人权的保护,更有利于提高侦查人员的办案、侦查能力以及自身的素质,是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容。但是,沉默权是一柄双刃剑,它既可以保障无辜,又可以被真正的罪犯利用来逃避司法制裁。在我国学界关于是否应在我国确立沉默权的讨论也从未停止过。笔者认为沉默权制度作为保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人合法权益的一项有力措施,有着坚实的理论基础,确立沉默权,是大势所趋,是依法治国的要求。但是在沉默权的移植过程中我们应当根据我国的具体国情努力做到趋利避害,更重要的是考虑沉默权的完善制度的保障,以实现沉默权的最大价值。
As an important regulator of the relationship between state power and civil rights in criminal proceedings, the system of the right to silence plays an important role in maintaining a reasonable structure of criminal proceedings and safeguarding the human rights of the criminal in question. The right to silence system is not only conducive to the improvement of national legal system, the justice of the judiciary and the protection of human rights of citizens, but also more conducive to improving investigators’ handling of cases, investigative capabilities and their own quality, which is an important part of the criminal justice system in modern law-governed countries. However, the right to silence is a double-edged sword that can both protect innocent people and be exploited by genuine criminals to evade judicial sanctions. The discussion in our academic circles on whether the right to silence should be established in our country has never stopped. The author believes that the right to silence system, as a powerful measure to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of criminal suspects and defendants, has a solid theoretical foundation and the establishment of the right to silence. It is the trend of the times and the requirement of governing the country according to law. However, in the process of transplanting the right to silence, we should strive to seek benefits and avoidance in the light of China’s specific national conditions. More importantly, we should consider the guarantee of the perfect system of the right to silence in order to realize the greatest value of the right to silence.