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本文基于虚拟水贸易理论,利用2010年的中国投入产出表与44个行业数据,对中国进出口贸易的虚拟水强度、进出口贸易结构、外贸中的虚拟水流量与调整中国进出口贸易结构的节水效应及方法进行了定量分析。研究结果表明:①2010年,中国高水耗行业产品出口的总体比重较低,并且进口贸易的虚拟水强度高于出口贸易的虚拟水强度,这有利于节约中国水资源,但是,部分高水耗行业产品在出口贸易中所占比重较大,而且高水耗行业产品在进口贸易中所占比重较小,不利于节约中国水资源;②2010年,中国出口贸易输出的虚拟水与进口贸易输入的虚拟水数量均十分巨大,分别高达1397亿吨与1395亿吨,外贸中存在2亿吨的虚拟水净流出量;③通过有针对性地调整中国进出口贸易结构,能够产生巨大的节水效益,因此,调整外贸结构应当成为节约中国水资源的一种重要途径。
Based on the theory of virtual water trade, using the Chinese input-output table in 2010 and 44 industry data, the paper analyzes the virtual water intensity of China’s import and export trade, the import-export trade structure, the virtual water flow in foreign trade and the adjustment of China’s import-export trade structure The water saving effect and method were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that: ① In 2010, the overall proportion of high-water consumption products in China’s exports is relatively low, and the virtual water intensity of import trade is higher than the virtual water intensity of export trade, which helps to save water resources in China. However, some high water consumption The proportion of industry products in the export trade is larger, and the proportion of high-water consumption products in the import trade is smaller, which is not conducive to saving water resources in China. (2) In 2010, the imported virtual water from China’s export trade and import trade The number of virtual water is very huge, reaching as high as 139.7 billion tons and 139.5 billion tons respectively, while there is 200 million tons of virtual water outflow in foreign trade; ③ It can generate huge water-saving benefits through targeted adjustment of China’s import and export trade structure Therefore, adjusting the foreign trade structure should become an important way to save China’s water resources.