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采用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射和振动样品磁强计,研究了锻造工序对汽车发电机爪极的组织与磁性能的影响,并测试了爪极组装成发电机后的发电能力。结果表明:与两步成形爪极相比,三步成形爪极的平均晶粒尺寸减小,取向差<15°的晶界占比降低,但CSL重合点阵晶界占比增多。同时,爪极的饱和磁化强度和磁导率降低,矫顽力提高,磁滞损耗减少。三步成形爪极组装的发电机的发电量高于两步成形爪极组装的发电机。为了提高汽车发电机的发电量,应优先考虑降低爪极的磁滞损耗。
The effects of forging process on the microstructure and magnetic properties of claw pole of automobile alternator were studied by optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. The power generation capability of claw pole assembled into generator was tested. The results show that the average grain size of the three-step claw pole is reduced compared with that of the two-step claw pole, and the proportion of the grain boundary with the difference of orientation <15 ° is decreased, but the proportion of the grain boundary of the CSL coincidence lattice is increased. At the same time, claw pole saturation magnetization and permeability decreased, coercive force increased hysteresis loss reduced. The three-step formed claw pole assembly generates more power than the two-stage claw pole assembled generator. In order to improve the power generation of automotive generators, priority should be given to reducing claw pole hysteresis loss.