传声器,又名话筒,是一种广泛使用的电声器件,与人们的日常生活密切相关。在电视、广播、电影、音乐、午台、教育、新闻等领域以及家用录音机上都要用传声器拾音。但是,传声器的种类和形式很多,应该根据不同场所和用途使用不同形式的传声器,这一点却有一些人还不太了解,因此本文就浅显易懂地介绍一下传声器的种类、工作原理、结构和用途等方面的基础知识。传声器的分类方法很多,一般是按换能机理分类,此外还可按指向性分类,或按振动系统与输出电压的关系分类。表1给出有代表性的分类方法,其中还没有哪一种传声器能全部满足高保真拾音用的要求,目前使 Microphone, also known as the microphone, is a widely used electro-acoustic device that is closely related to people’s daily life. In the television, radio, film, music, lunch, education, news and other fields and household tape recorders are picked up with microphones. However, there are many types and forms of microphones, and different types of microphones should be used according to different places and purposes. However, some people do not yet understand it very well. Therefore, this paper introduces the types, working principles, structures and Use and other aspects of the basic knowledge. Microphone classification methods are generally classified according to the transduction mechanism, in addition to the classification can be classified, or according to the relationship between the vibration system and the output voltage classification. Table 1 gives a representative classification method, of which there is no microphone can fully meet the requirements of high-fidelity pickup, the current