Phase relations and equation of state (EOS) of natural cinnabar (α-HgS) are investigated by high-pressure and high-temperature synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction. The unambiguous cinnabar-rocksalt structure phase boundaries are determined to be Plower(Gpa)=15.54-0.014T(℃) and Pupper(Gpa)= 23.84 - 0.014T(℃) at 300--623K. With K axed at 4, we obtain K0 = 37(4) Gpa, ( K/ T)p=-0.025(2) GPaK-1, and α0= 3.79(20)× 10-5 K-1 for the cinnabar phase of α-HgS. The ( K/ T)p and α0 of cinnabar phase are obtained for the first time. A nearly isotropic compression of cinnabar phase is observed by linear regressions.