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基于1988~2013年黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯栽培定位试验,结合试验区域气象站1957~2013年气候要素观测资料,开展气候暖干化对黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯水分利用效率的影响研究。结果表明,1957~2013年试验区降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-10.219 mm(10a)~(-1);20世纪60年代降水量偏多,90年代降水量最少,降水量减少最多的季节为秋季。气温呈显著上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.228℃(10a)~(-1),20世纪80年代之后气温明显上升。试验区马铃薯水分利用效率呈显著下降趋势,气候倾向率为-25.602 kg hm~(-2)mm-1(10a)~(-1)。马铃薯水分利用率与6月上、中旬气温、7月上旬气温、8月下旬气温呈显著负相关,气温增高导致产量下降,水分利用效率降低。水分利用率与6月上旬降水量和9月中旬日照时数呈显著正相关。气候暖干对马铃薯发育和产量形成的负效应增加,马铃薯产量形成的不确定性因素也呈增加趋势。
Based on the experiment of potato cultivation in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau from 1988 to 2013 and the climatic elements observed from 1957 to 2013 in the experimental area, the effects of climate warming on the water use efficiency of potato in semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results showed that the precipitation in the experimental area showed a downward trend from 1957 to 2013, with a climatic propensity of -10.219 mm (10a) -1. Precipitation was more in the 1960s than in the 1990s, and the precipitation decreased the most The season is autumn. The temperature showed a significant upward trend with a climatic propensity of 0.228 ℃ (10a) -1. After the 1980s, the temperature increased obviously. The water use efficiency of potato in the experimental area showed a significant downward trend with a tendency of -25.602 kg hm -2 mm -1 (10a) -1. The water use efficiency of potato was negatively correlated with the temperature in the upper and middle of June, the temperature in early July and the temperature in late August. The increase of temperature led to the decrease of yield and the decrease of water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was positively correlated with precipitation in early June and sunshine hours in mid-September. The negative effect of climate warm-dry on potato development and yield formation increased, and the uncertainty factors of potato yield also increased.