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【目的】研究施肥、盖膜集雨水及深耕等技术集成对木薯氮、磷、钾养分积累、分配及鲜薯淀粉含量的影响,为木薯优质高效栽培提供技术参考。【方法】共设4个不同施肥与耕作栽培技术集成处理,分别为生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜集雨水+深耕(处理1)、生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜集雨水(处理2)、生物有机肥+测土配方肥+深耕(处理3)和生物有机肥+测土配方肥(处理4),以常规施肥(单施通用高浓度复合肥)及种植方式为对照(CK)。收获期分别测定地上部和块根的鲜重、干重和植株氮、磷、钾养分含量及鲜薯淀粉含量,并计算单位面积养分积累量和收获指数。【结果】不同施肥与耕作技术集成处理均能提高木薯植株干物质和养分积累量及养分在块根中的分配比例。与CK相比,地上部、块根和总干物质积累量分别提高9.47%~17.89%、21.97%~53.03%和16.74%~38.33%;块根中氮、磷、钾含量分别提高5.10%~21.43%、3.60%~12.61%和3.39%~8.47%;块根中氮、磷、钾养分比例分别提高14.95%~24.47%、4.79%~9.01%和5.58%~12.22%;每公顷积累的氮、磷、钾总量分别提高20.22%~38.85%、29.90%~45.76%和24.25%~38.12%,其块根氮、磷、钾积累量分别提高35.23%~68.84%、36.42%~56.98%和33.73%~52.31%;氮、磷、钾收获指数分别提高12.50%~20.83%、4.05%~6.76%和4.92%~11.48%,鲜薯淀粉含量和产量分别提高0~8.63%和24.54%~47.53%;其中处理1的干物质和养分积累量、鲜薯淀粉含量和产量均最高,增产提质效果最佳。【结论】同等养分施用量条件下,施肥与耕作技术集成处理可明显提高木薯的干物质、养分的积累与利用,并可提高鲜薯淀粉含量和产量。即生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜集雨水+深耕方式为木薯的最佳施肥及耕作栽培模式。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fertilization, rainwater harvesting and deep plowing on the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tapioca, and the starch content in fresh tapioca, to provide technical reference for high quality and efficient cultivation of cassava. 【Method】 A total of four different fertilization and farming techniques were integrated, which were bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing compound fertilizer + cover rainwater harvesting + deep plowing (Treatment 1), bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing formula fertilizer + (Treatment 2), bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing and formula fertilizer + deep plowing (treatment 3) and bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing and formula fertilizer (treatment 4), with conventional fertilization Control (CK). The fresh weight, dry weight, N, P and K contents and fresh potato starch content of shoots and roots were measured at harvesting stage. Nutrient accumulation per unit area and harvest index were calculated. 【Result】 Integrated treatment with different fertilizations and tillage techniques could increase the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients and the distribution of nutrients in root tuber. Compared with CK, the aboveground, root and total dry matter accumulation increased by 9.47% -17.89%, 21.97% -53.03% and 16.74% -38.33%, respectively. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in root increased by 5.10% -21.43% , 3.60% ~ 12.61% and 3.39% ~ 8.47%, respectively. The proportion of N, P and K in root tuber increased by 14.95% -24.47%, 4.79%-9.01% and 5.58% -12.22% The total K content increased by 20.22% -38.85%, 29.90% -45.76% and 24.25% -38.12%, respectively. The accumulation of N, P and K increased by 35.23% -68.84%, 36.42% -56.98% and 33.73% -52.31 The harvest index of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased by 12.50% ~ 20.83%, 4.05% ~ 6.76% and 4.92% ~ 11.48%, and the fresh potato starch content and yield increased by 0 ~ 8.63% and 24.54% ~ 47.53% 1 accumulation of dry matter and nutrients, fresh potato starch content and yield are the highest, the best yield increase and quality. 【Conclusion】 Integrated treatment of fertilization and tillage could significantly increase the accumulation and utilization of dry matter and nutrients of cassava and increase the starch content and yield of fresh potato under the same nutrient application rate. Namely bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing and fertilizer + cover film rainwater harvesting + deep plowing method for the best fertilization and cultivation of cassava mode of cultivation.