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路易十四时期的法国,贫困问题严重,乞丐、游民、流浪汉数量庞大,给社会秩序和经济发展造成巨大阻碍。在基督教人文主义者、重商主义者以及天主教、新教宗教改革家的共同推动下,并吸收王室此前在济贫政策上的失败教训,路易十四首先在巴黎继而在全国推行禁闭政策,建立普济院,将救济、教化、学习、劳动融为一体,以彻底改造穷人,根绝流浪,并力图以此将慈善事业完全纳入世俗化、集权化的绝对王权之中。但禁闭政策及其运行上的缺陷,以及旧制度下地方权力精英、天主教传统、高等法院等因素的影响,最终导致路易十四时期济贫政策走向失败。
During the French of Louis XIV, the problem of poverty was grave. The number of beggars, tourists and tramps was enormous, which caused great obstacles to social order and economic development. Under the common promotion of Christian humanists, mercantilists, and Catholic and Protestant religious reformers, and lessons learned from previous failures of the royal family in poor policies, Louis XIV first followed the implementation of the confinement policy in Paris and the establishment of General Economy The hospital integrates relief, education, study and labor so as to completely reform the poor and eradicate wandering and endeavor to bring philanthropy fully into the absolute monarchical power of secularization and centralization. However, the confinement policy and its operational flaws, as well as the influence of the local elites, Catholic traditions and the High Court under the old system, finally led to the failure of the poor relief policy in Louis XIV period.