对长期皮下埋植ＮｏｒｐｌａｎｔＲⅠ型和ＣＬａ型避孕药剂的妇女和正常对照组的妇女的染色体畸变、姊妹染色单体互换及细胞微核等细胞遗传学指标进行了研究。结果提示：ＮｏｒｐｌａｎｔＲⅠ型可增加其应用者体内细胞诱变性环境的存在，使其染色体畸变率和姊妹染色单体互换率显著性增加，且有统计学意义，故应引起对长期皮下埋植ＮｏｒｐｌａｎｔＲⅠ型长效避孕皮埋药剂是否存在致突变作用问题的重视和进一步研究。ＣＬａ型长效避孕皮下埋植药剂未发现有明显的致突变作用，从细胞遗传学角度上看是安全的。 Chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and cytogenetic markers such as micronuclei were studied in women who undergone long-term subcutaneous implantation of NorplantR type I and type CLa contraceptives and women in the normal control group. The results suggest that: NorplantR Ⅰ type can increase its application in vivo cell mutagenic environment exists, the chromosome aberration rate and sister chromatid exchange rate was significantly increased, and statistically significant, it should cause long-term subcutaneous implant NorplantR Ⅰ type long-acting contraceptives buried agent is mutagenic role of attention and further study. CLa long-acting contraceptive subcutaneous implant agents found no significant mutagenic effect, from a cytogenetic point of view is safe.