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目的分析2008—2012年粤西地区某市部分企业工作场所噪声和粉尘危害情况。方法收集、整理2008—2012年粤西地区某市299家企业噪声和粉尘检测结果数据,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果2008—2012年累计检测企业299家,检测噪声和粉尘作业点共1 730个,超标点数742个,超标率为42.9%。990个检测点噪声强度为(82.8±7.1)dB(A),超标率为36.2%;噪声超标率随着年份的增加而增加(P<0.01),2012年噪声超标率最高,为48.6%;小型企业噪声超标率高于中型企业(39.5%vs 18.9%,P<0.01);不同行业噪声超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),以木制家具制造业超标率最高,为62.3%。740个检测点粉尘检测结果中位数为2.0 mg/m3,超标率为51.9%;2008年粉尘超标率最高,为61.9%;小型企业粉尘超标率高于中型企业(55.6%vs 13.6%,P<0.01);不同行业粉尘超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),以建材行业和木制家具制造业超标率较高,分别为58.1%和54.4%。结论该市建材行业和木制家具制造业工作场所噪声和粉尘危害较严重,应加强职业病防控工作,确保作业人员健康。
Objective To analyze the noise and dust hazards in the workplace of some enterprises in a city of western Guangdong from 2008 to 2012. Methods The data of noise and dust testing of 299 enterprises in a city in western Guangdong from 2008 to 2012 were collected and analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results From 2008 to 2012, a total of 299 enterprises were inspected, 1,730 noise and dust test points were detected, 742 excessive points were exceeded, and the exceeding rate was 42.9%. The noise intensity of 990 detection points was (82.8 ± 7.1) dB (A), exceeding the standard rate of 36.2%. The noise excess rate increased with the increase of years (P <0.01) The noise excess rate of small-sized enterprises was higher than that of medium-sized enterprises (39.5% vs 18.9%, P <0.01). There was a significant difference in the noise excess rate among different industries (P <0.01) . The median of dust detection results at 740 testing sites was 2.0 mg / m3, exceeding the standard rate of 51.9%; the highest standard of over-standard dust in 2008 was 61.9%; the exceeding standard rate of small-sized enterprises was higher than that of medium-sized enterprises (55.6% vs 13.6%, P <0.01). The difference of excessive dust in different industries was statistically significant (P <0.01). The over-standard rates of building materials industry and wooden furniture manufacturing industry were higher with 58.1% and 54.4% respectively. Conclusion The noise and dust in the construction materials industry and the wooden furniture manufacturing industry in the city are harmed more seriously. Prevention and control of occupational diseases should be strengthened to ensure the health of workers.