Objectives To investi-gate the effect and mechanism of endovascularbrachytherapy with 192Ir on expression of type Ⅰ collagen, metalloproteinases - 1 (MMP - 1) and the tissueinhibitor (TIMP- 1 ) after angioplasty. MethodsRestenotic model of domestic microswine was em-ployed and the iliac arteries were randomized to radi-ation group ( n = 12), which were treated with 20 ～ 25Gy of 192Ir, and non - radiation group ( n = 36) afterangioplasty. The target vessels were harvested in theend of 3 months and 6 months after angioplasty. Im-munohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were usedto detect proteins of type Ⅰ collagen, MMP-1 andTIMP- 1, and mRNA expression of type Ⅰ collagen.Results The protein and mRNA of type Ⅰ collagen,the ratios of TIMP-1/MMP-1 were significantlylower iu radiation group than in non- radiation group( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). The peak of transcription of typeⅠ collagen mRNA was at 6 months and 3 months in non-radiation group and radiation group respectively.Conclusions Endovascular brachytherapy with192Ir might modify the metabolism of extracellular ma-trix after angioplasty by inhibiting the synthesis of typeⅠ collagen and the activities of MMP - 1 and TIMP - 1.