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采用实验室培养方法 ,研究了褐土与潮土中肥料氮的矿物固定与土壤温度的关系及利用盆栽15N同位素示踪方法 ,研究了小麦施肥时的环境温度对铵的固定及肥料氮有效性的影响。结果表明 ,2 5℃常温条件下 6 0d内肥料氮的固定率为 18%～ 2 2 92 % ,但在 - 5～ 0℃的低温下则达 37 6 9%～ 4 5 31% ,低温较常温条件下肥料氮的固定率增加一倍左右。在盆栽条件下 ,利用低温季节施肥可增加肥料氮的暂时固定 ,而固定后的肥料氮在小麦生长季节内基本全部释放 ;低温季节施肥可提高肥料利用率 ,增加了肥料氮在土壤中的残留 ,减少了肥料氮的损失
A laboratory culture method was used to study the relationship between fertilization nitrogen and soil temperature in cinnamon soil and alluvial soil. The 15N isotope tracing method was used to study the effect of environmental temperature on the fixation of ammonium and fertilizer nitrogen availability Impact. The results showed that the fixing rate of fertilizer nitrogen was 18% ~ 2222% within 60 days at 25 ℃, but 37 6 9% ~ 45 31% at low temperature of -5 ~ 0 ℃. Under normal temperature fertilizer nitrogen fixation rate doubled. Under the potted condition, the fertilization could increase the temporary fixation of fertilizer nitrogen in the low temperature season, while the fixed fertilizer nitrogen was basically released in the wheat growth season; Fertilization in low temperature season could increase the fertilizer utilization rate and increase the nitrogen residue in the soil , Reducing the loss of fertilizer nitrogen