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采用透射电子显微镜对碳萃取复型样进行了观测。碳萃取复型样由不同轧制条件下热轧成10mm棒材的两种商用钒微合金钢和一种商用钛微合金钢制备。 钒或钛微合金钢中的铜含量约为0.13％时,即使钢中的锰含量大于1％,首先会生成硫化铜,而不生成硫化锰。在钛微合金钢中,除生成硫化铜外,还观测到Ti_4C_2S_2型的球状碳硫化钛。 对钒微合金钢使用透射电子显微镜显示出,在先共析铁素体中有很细小的析出物(≈5nm),经鉴别为M(C,N)型(M=V和Cr,V/Cr≈5)碳化物或碳氮化物。此外,还观测到一些较粗的颗粒(≈0.1μm,V/Cr>15时),可能是温度较高时,在奥氏体中生成的氮化钒或碳氮化钒。 在钛微合金钢中观察到粗大的氮化钛颗粒(>5μm)以及很细小的(≈5nm,Ti/Cr≈9)MC型(M=Ti和Cr)析出物,或较粗大的(≈0.1μm,Ti/Cr>30)碳化物颗粒。
Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe carbon-extracted complex samples. Carbon extraction replicas were prepared from two commercial vanadium microalloyed steels that were hot rolled into 10mm bars under different rolling conditions and a commercial titanium microalloyed steel. When the copper content in a vanadium or titanium microalloyed steel is about 0.13%, even if the content of manganese in the steel is more than 1%, copper sulfide is first generated without generating manganese sulfide. In titanium microalloyed steel, in addition to the formation of copper sulfide, but also observed Ti_4C_2S_2-type spherical titanium carbonitride. Transmission electron microscopy of vanadium microalloyed steels showed very small precipitates (≈5 nm) in the pro-eutectoid ferrite and was identified as M (C, N) (M = V and Cr, V / Cr ≈5) Carbide or carbonitride. In addition, some coarser particles (≈0.1 μm, V / Cr> 15) were also observed, probably vanadium nitride or vanadium carbonitride formed in austenite at higher temperatures. Coarse titanium nitride particles (> 5 μm) and very small (≈5 nm, Ti / Cr≈9) MC type (M = Ti and Cr) precipitates or coarser (≈ 0.1 μm, Ti / Cr> 30) carbide particles.