自1851年 Helmhotz 发明直接眼底镜以来,随着科学技术的进展,不断改进检查眼底的仪器设备及治疗视网膜脱离的方法,使视网膜脱离由不治之症提高到手术成功率达90％以上。其中尤以60年代应用间接立体眼底镜结合巩膜压迫法检查眼底的远周边部、用冷冻法封闭视网膜裂孔及以硅胶为填充物等方法最为重要。冷冻治疗视网膜脱离国内自1973年 Since the direct ophthalmoscope was invented by Helmhotz in 1851, with the progress of science and technology, the equipment for retina examination and retina detachment have been continuously improved to increase the rate of retinal detachment from incurable disease to more than 90%. Especially in the 1960s, indirect three-dimensional ophthalmoscopy and scleral compression method to examine the far side of the fundus, the use of freezing method to close the retinal hiatus and silicone as a filler and other methods is most important. Cryotherapy for retinal detachment in China since 1973