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本文用了 1 999年夏季中国首次北极科学考察队对海冰、大气和海洋进行的同步和准同步的综合立体观测所获取的资料 ,研究海冰在海 气相互作用中扮演的角色。发现海冰的种类、分布、冰厚等变化对海气热交换都有重要影响。在浮冰区海洋以潜热的形式向大气输送热量 ,潜热通量与浮冰密集度的大小密切有关 ,浮冰越少潜热通量越大 ,潜热通量约为2 1～ 2 3 .6W /m2 ,潜热通量大于感热通量 ;在冰盖和大浮冰块上 ,大气以感热的形式向冰雪面上输送热量。新生的浮冰区或冰间湖是海气热交换最激烈的地方 ,是气候最敏感的区域 ,是北冰洋蒸汽雾生成的重要条件。用层结大气整体动力学输送法 ,计算了一次大范围的蒸汽雾过程的海气热交换 ,海洋向大气输送的热量总功率约为 1 4 8亿千瓦 ,相当于中国发电能力的 69倍 ,相当于大西洋向北冰洋输送热量平均功率的 1 / 2 0。北冰洋的夏季能够形成各种类型的海雾 :辐射雾、蒸汽雾和平流雾 ,其重要原因就是因为海冰的存在 ,使下垫面的性质复杂化 ,海气交换复杂化。
In this paper, we use the data acquired by the first comprehensive and synchronized synopsis of sea ice, atmosphere and ocean obtained by China’s first Arctic scientific expedition team in summer of 1999 to study the role of sea ice in the interaction of sea-air. It was found that sea ice types, distribution, ice thickness and other changes have an important impact on heat exchange of sea air. The latent heat flux in the ocean in the ice floe zone is transferred to the atmosphere. The latent heat flux is closely related to the magnitude of the ice floe concentration. The less the latent heat flux is, the larger the latent heat flux is. The latent heat flux is about 21 ~ 23.6W / m2, the latent heat flux is greater than the sensible heat flux; on the ice sheet and large ice floes, the atmosphere conveys heat to the ice and snow surface in the form of sensible heat. The new ice floe area or ice lake is the most intense place for heat and air exchange. It is the climate-sensitive area and is an important condition for Arctic vapor fog formation. Using the integrated kinematic transportation of layer atmosphere, the heat transfer of a large area of steam to the atmosphere was calculated. The total heat delivered by the ocean to the atmosphere was about 148 billion kW, which is equivalent to 69 times the power generation capacity in China. Equivalent to the Atlantic to the Arctic Ocean to send the average power of 1/2 0. Arctic summer can form various types of sea fog: radiation fog, steam fog and advection fog, the important reason is because of the existence of sea ice, the underlying surface of the nature of the complexity of gas exchange complex.