Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in recent years,primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions.However,reaching the level of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines may instead depend upon the air quality co-benefits of ambitious climate action.Here,we assess pathways of Chinese PM2.5 air quality from 2015 to 2060 under a combination of scenarios that link global and Chinese climate mitigation pathways (i.e.global 2℃-and 1.5℃-pathways,National Determined Contributions (NDC) pledges and carbon neutrality goals) to local dean air policies.We find that China can achieve both its near-term climate goals (peak emissions) and PM2.5 air quality annual standard (35 μg/m3) by 2030 by fulfilling its NDC pledges and continuing air pollution control policies.However,the benefits of end-of-pipe control reductions are mostly exhausted by 2030,and reducing PM2.5 exposure of the majority of the Chinese population to below 10μg/m3 by 2060 will likely require more ambitious climate mitigation efforts such as China\'s carbon neutrality goals and global 1.5° C-pathways.Our results thus highlight that China\'s carbon neutrality goals will play a critical role in reducing air pollution exposure to the level of the WHO guidelines and protecting public health.