新世纪的来临 ,伴随着生命科学的迅速发展 ,大大促进了肿瘤外科的发展。目前在改善治疗效果的同时要注重生命质量。以乳腺癌为例 ,从 2 0世纪 80年代中期开始 ,美国SEER资料提示乳腺癌生存率有所改善 ,死亡率逐年下降 ,主要归功于早期诊断、早期治疗以及辅助治疗的不断完善 ,其 The advent of the new century, along with the rapid development of life science, has greatly promoted the development of oncology surgery. At the same time to improve the treatment effect should pay attention to the quality of life. To breast cancer, for example, from the mid-80s of the 20th century, the United States SEER data suggest that breast cancer survival rate has improved, the mortality rate decreased year by year, mainly due to the early diagnosis, early treatment and adjuvant treatment of continuous improvement, its