外部不经济(External diseconomy)是指某些企业或个人因其他企业和个人的经济活动而受到不利影响,又不能从造成这些影响的企业和个人那里得到补偿的经济现象,如江河上游造纸厂排放污水,造成下游农作物欠收、农业减产的情况。造成这种现象的根源在于环境资源的不可分割性,使其产权界定成本非常高或根本就难以界定,环境资源因此具有全部或部分公共性。这又使得人们可以互不排斥地共同使用自然生态环境资源,而不考虑其公正性和整个社会的意愿。处理外部不经济有以下几点对策:一是使用税收和补贴。对造成外部不经济的企业,国家可以征税,其税收的数量应 External diseconomy refers to the economic phenomena in which some enterprises or individuals are adversely affected by the economic activities of other enterprises and individuals and can not be compensated by the enterprises and individuals that have caused such impacts. Sewage, resulting in lower crop yields, agricultural production cuts. The root cause of this phenomenon lies in the indivisibility of environmental resources, the definition of property rights is very high or difficult to define the basic, environmental resources and therefore have all or part of the public. This, in turn, allows people to share the natural resources of the environment independently of each other without regard to their fairness and the will of society as a whole. There are several measures to deal with the external economy: First, the use of tax and subsidies. For enterprises that cause external diseconomies, the state can tax it and the amount of its revenue should be