腹膜透析(PD)作为终末期肾病(ESRD)的一种治疗方法已在全世界得到广泛应用。尽管PD和血液透析(HD)患者预后相似,但PD发展仍远落后于HD。在发展中国家,PD得到了很好的发展;而发达国家,PD患者在透析人群中的比例却逐渐下降。中国目前已成为全球PD患者数量最多的国家,但仍存在一些因素阻碍PD在中国的发展。本文就全球及中国腹膜透析的现状及挑战进行综述。 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been widely used all over the world. Although PD and hemodialysis (HD) patients have similar prognosis, PD development lags far behind HD. In developing countries, PD has been well developed; while in developed countries, the proportion of PD patients in the dialysis population is gradually declining. China has become the world’s largest number of PD patients, but there are still some factors that hinder the development of PD in China. This article reviews the status and challenges of peritoneal dialysis worldwide and in China.