End-Triassic nonmarine biotic events

来源 :Journal of Palaeogeography | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:jinyeqin
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
The Late Triassic was a prolonged interval of elevated extinction rates and low origination rates that manifested themselves in a series of extinctions during Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian time. Most of these extinctions took place in the marine realm, particularly affecting radiolarians, conodonts, bivalves, ammonoids and reef-building organisms. On land, the case for a Late Triassic mass extinction is much more tenuous and has largely focused on tetrapod vertebrates(amphibians and reptiles), though some workers advocate a sudden endTriassic(TJB) extinction of land plants. Nevertheless, an extensive literature does not identify a major extinction of land plants at the TJB, and a comprehensive review of palynological records concluded that TJB vegetation changes were non-uniform(different changes in different places), not synchronous and not indicative of a mass extinction of land plants. Claims of a substantial perturbation of plant ecology and diversity at the TJB in East Greenland are indicative of a local change in the paleoflora largely driven by lithofacies changes resulting in changing taphonomic filters. Plant extinctions at the TJB were palaeogeographically localized events, not global in extent. With new and more detailed stratigraphic data, the perceived TJB tetrapod extinction is mostly an artifact of coarse temporal resolution, the compiled correlation effect. The amphibian, archosaur and synapsid extinctions of the Late Triassic are not concentrated at the TJB, but instead occur stepwise, beginning in the Norian and extending into the Hettangian. There was a disruption of the terrestrial ecosystem across the TJB, but it was more modest than generally claimed. The ecological severity of the end-Triassic nonmarine biotic events are relatively low on the global scale. Biotic turnover at the end of the Triassic was likely driven by the CAMP(Central Atlantic Magmatic Province) eruptions, which caused significant environmental perturbations(cooling, warming, acidification) through outgassing, but the effects on the nonmarine biota appear to have been localized, transient and not catastrophic. Long-term changes in the terrestrial biota across the TJB are complex,diachronous and likely climate driven evolutionary changes in the context of fluctuating background extinction rates, not a single, sudden or mass extinction. The Late Triassic was a prolonged interval of elevated extinction rates and low origination rates that manifested themselves in a series of extinctions during Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian time. Most of these extinctions took place in the marine realm, particularly affecting radiolarians, conodonts, bivalves, ammonoids and reef-building organisms. On land, the case for a Late Triassic mass extinction is much more tenuous and has substantial focused on tetrapod vertebrates (amphibians and reptiles), though some workers advocate a sudden end Triassic (TJB) extinction of land plants. Nevertheless, an extensive literature does not identify a major extinction of land plants at the TJB, and a comprehensive review of palynological records that that TJB vegetation changes were different-in different places, not synchronous and not indicative of a mass extinction of land plants. Claims of a substantial perturbation of plant ecology and diversity at the TJB in East Greenland ar e indicative of a local change in the paleoflorapite driven by lithofacies changes changes in changing taphonomic filters. Plant extinctions at the TJB were palaeogeographically localized events, not global in extent. With new and more detailed stratigraphic data, the perceived TJB tetrapod extinction is is mostly an artifact of coarse temporal resolution, the compiled correlation effect. The amphibian, archosaur and synapsid extinctions of the Late Triassic are not concentrated at the TJB, but instead occur stepwise, beginning in the Norian and extending into the Hettangian. There was a disruption of the terrestrial ecosystem across the TJB, but it was more modest than generally claimed. The ecological severity of the end-Triassic nonmarine biotic events is relatively low on the global scale. Biotic turnover at the end of the Triassic was likely driven by the CAMP ( Central Atlantic Magmatic Province) eruptions, which caused significant environmental perturbations (cooling, warming,acidification) through outgassing, but the effects on the nonmarine biota appear to have been localized, transient and not catastrophic. Long-term changes in the terrestrial biota across the TJB are complex, diachronous and likely climate driven evolutionary changes in the context of fluctuating background extinction rates, not a single, sudden or mass extinction.
其他文献
为探究吕家坨井田地质构造格局,根据钻孔勘探资料,采用分形理论和趋势面分析方法,研究了井田7
期刊
为探究吕家坨井田地质构造格局,根据钻孔勘探资料,采用分形理论和趋势面分析方法,研究了井田7
期刊
通过对小学语文课程标准中诗歌教学的解读,此文旨在论述诗歌在小学语文教学的重要性和发展性.透过教学实例来阐述小学生在诗歌创作的指导以及兴趣的激发和培养,达到弘扬中华
背诵可以培养和提高学生的读写能力。在教学中,教师们往往忽视了对学生的引导,出现“死记硬背”或机械性的现象怎样指导学生进行背诵。(一)应强调意义的识记,(二)要寻找记忆的线索,(三
少先队文化是由少先队性质所决定的一种独特的文化,而活动文化就是其中重要的组成部分.少先队文化建设在对队员的育德、启智、养性、健体、审美等各方面,可以说功效非凡必不
英语单词是构成语篇的元素。学生掌握单词的数量直接影响学生学习英语的质量。可识记大量单词一直是学生们的难题。根据多年来的一线教学经验,我认为采用英语自然拼读的方法识
新课改以来,越来越多的教师认识到情感教育在初中数学教学中发挥的积极作用.如何在初中数学教学中实施情感教育是教师值得思考的问题.积极的情感能够激发学生的学习兴趣和积
新美术课程标准首次提出了“情感、态度、价值观”的概念,其目的是强调通过学生亲自参与美术活动来体验和感受活动的价值,从而形成自己的艺术和价值观念。美术欣赏是一项审美活
期刊
群文阅读更关注学生在多样文章阅读中的意义构建,对全面提高学生的语文素养具有十分重要的现实意义.
作家雨果曾把音乐比作开启人类智慧宝库的钥匙。随着素质教育的大力开展,音乐对于开发学生智力的重要作用越来越受到社会和家长的认同与肯定,而学好音乐,兴趣是首要的,学习兴趣是
期刊