实践中死刑案件辩护的有效性不尽如人意,通过对一百余件死刑一审案件的辩护情况进行考察,可发现当前死刑辩护的现状和存在的问题。发挥死刑案件有效辩护中的法官作用是程序监护人理论的必然要求及防范冤假错案的有利选择,法官要积极为辩护人的辩护行为创造有利条件,对无效辩护行为进行适度司法引导。 In practice, the effectiveness of the defense of death penalty cases is not satisfactory. By examining the defense cases of more than 100 cases of first instance death penalty, we can find out the current status of the death penalty defense and its existing problems. Judge’s role in the effective defense of death penalty cases is an inevitable requirement of procedural guardian theory and a good choice to prevent unjustly wrongful cases. Judges should actively create favorable conditions for the defender’s defense and provide proper judicial guidance to invalid defense actions.