公元十世纪前,蒙古族是处在原始社会,而十三世纪成吉思汗统一蒙古各部,建立国家以后,即步入了早期的封建社会,这在蒙古史的研究者当中是没有异议的。但在其间的十至十二世纪,蒙古族是在原始社会的末期抑或曾形成了奴隶制,目前却还没有一致的结论。我个人初步认为,当时蒙古族是处于原始社会末期的氏族公社制度下,下面略述一点粗浅的看法,求正于蒙古史学界。当时,蒙古社会的生产力,无论在游牧的草原部落或狩猎的森林部落,都有所提高,但还是很低下的。作为蒙古社会生产力发展象征之一的畜牧业,还没有在经济部门中居绝对统 Before the 10th century AD, Mongolians were in primitive society. However, in the 13th century, when Genghis Khan unified the ministries in Mongolia and established the nation, they entered the early feudal society. There was no objection among Mongolian researchers. However, in the past ten years to the twelfth century, Mongolian people had formed slavery in the last period of the primitive society, and at present there is no unanimous conclusion. My own preliminary view was that at that time, the Mongolian people were under the clan commune system that was at the end of the primitive society. The following is a brief summary of some superficial opinions, seeking positive results in the Mongolian historiography. At that time, the productivity of Mongolian society, both in nomadic grassland tribes or hunting forest tribes, had risen, but still very low. Livestock husbandry, one of the symbols of the development of Mongolian society’s productive forces, has not yet taken the absolute position in the economic sector