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目的探讨新毕业护士进入三甲中医院过渡阶段心理资本、工作压力的现状及其影响因素。方法采用结合了定性和定量途径的横断面研究对173名新护士进行当面调查并完成数据,量表使用自我设计的一般情况调查表、护士心理资本问卷和工作压力源量表。利用SPSS统计软件进行心理资本相关因素的方差分析,心理资本和工作压力源各纬度得分的描述性统计,以及二者的相关性分析。结果新护士心理资本得分较高(平均87.73分),纬度得分依次是乐观(76.22%)、希望(72.64%)、效能(72.56%)和抗挫折(71.87%)。工作压力平均得分为63.64分,以时间分配及工作量最常见,为(1.99±0.46)分,其他纬度依次是护理专业及工作(1.98±0.44)分、病人护理(1.97±0.25)分、工作环境及仪器设备(1.66±0.50)分,管理及人际关系得分最低,为(1.44±0.35)分。体育锻炼、身体状况和家庭条件对心理资本差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),条件、状况良好者和经常锻炼者得分较高;性别、科室、聘用、籍贯因素差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工作压力源与心理资本各纬度之间及整体上均显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论新护士应培养良好的生活方式和保持身心健康,通过有效策略提供支持以提高心理资本、减轻工作压力和离职意愿,以系统化处理方法公正合理地管理新护士进入职业生涯。
Objective To explore the status quo and the influencing factors of psychological capital and working pressure of newly graduated nurses entering the transition period of the top three Chinese medicine hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional study combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was used to conduct a face-to-face survey of 173 new nurses and complete the data using a self-designed general questionnaire, a psychologist’s questionnaire on nurses and a working stressor scale. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the variance of psychological capital related factors, descriptive statistics of psychological capital and work stressors’ latitude scores, and their correlation analysis. Results The score of psychological capital of new nurses was higher (average 87.73). The latitude scores were optimistic (76.22%), hope (72.64%), potency (72.56%) and anti-frustration (71.87%). The average score of work stress was 63.64, with the most frequent allocation of time and workload as (1.99 ± 0.46). The other latitudes were nursing specialty and work (1.98 ± 0.44), patient care (1.97 ± 0.25), work Environment and equipment (1.66 ± 0.50) points, with the lowest score of management and interpersonal relationship, which was (1.44 ± 0.35) points. Physical exercise, physical condition and family conditions had statistically significant differences (P <0.05), and those who had good condition, good condition and regular exerciser had higher score; gender, department, employment and native place had no significant difference > 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between job stressors and psychological latitude (P <0.05). Conclusion New nurses should cultivate a good life style and maintain their physical and mental health. They should provide psychological support through effective strategies to improve psychological capital, reduce work stress and turnover intention, and manage the new nurses fairly and reasonably in a systematic way.