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[目的]了解深圳市罗湖区小学生生长发育现状及变化规律,探讨小学生头发中微量元素含量与生长发育的关系。[方法](1)对深圳市罗湖区2478名7～12岁小学生的身高、体重、肺活量等进行调查,统计分析。并将2007年调查资料与1982年的调查资料进行比较分析;(2)采集头发样本,用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测量Ca、Fe、Zn、Pb等微量元素的含量。[结果](1)2007年与1982年相比,男生和女生平均身高、体重分别增长7.6cm、8.3kg和6.5cm、6.1kg,肺活量分别下降-86.7ml和-87.3ml。(2)在2478名小学生中缺Ca者493例(19.9%)、缺Fe者441例(17.8%)、缺Zn者375例(15.1%)、Pb超标者338例(13.6%),小学生头发中Zn、Ca、Fe含量与身高、体重、肺活量呈正相关(P﹤0.01),而Pb含量与身高、体重、肺活量则呈负相关(P﹤0.01)。[结论](1)深圳市罗湖区小学生生长发育存在长期增长趋势,但肺活量有下降趋势。(2)微量元素Ca、Zn、Fe缺乏者较多,Pb超标者较为严重。提示小学生存在营养不均衡及运动素质下降趋势﹑环境污染已经对下一代生长发育造成影响,必须引起足够的重视。
[Objective] To understand the growth and development of primary school students in Luohu District, Shenzhen, and to explore the relationship between the content of trace elements and the growth and development of primary school students. [Method] (1) The height, weight and vital capacity of 2478 primary school students from 7 to 12 years old in Luohu District of Shenzhen were surveyed and statistically analyzed. The data of 2007 survey and the survey data of 1982 were compared and analyzed. (2) The hair samples were collected and the content of Ca, Fe, Zn, Pb and other trace elements were measured by inductively coupled high frequency plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) content. [Results] (1) Compared with 1982, the average height and weight of boys and girls increased by 7.6cm, 8.3kg and 6.5cm, 6.1kg respectively in 2007 and decreased by -86.7ml and -87.3ml respectively. (2) There were 493 (19.9%) of 2478 primary schoolchildren lacking Ca, 441 (17.8%) lacking Fe, 375 (15.1%) lacking Zn, 338 (13.6%) having excessive Pb, The content of Zn, Ca and Fe was positively correlated with height, weight and vital capacity (P <0.01), but the content of Pb was negatively correlated with height, weight and vital capacity (P <0.01). [Conclusion] (1) Long-term growth trend of primary school students in Luohu District, Shenzhen, but the lung capacity decreased. (2) Trace elements Ca, Zn, Fe lack of more, more than the standard Pb is more serious. Prompted the existence of nutrition imbalance in primary school students and the decline in the quality of sports ﹑ environmental pollution has an impact on the next generation of growth and development, we must pay enough attention.