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目的分析狂犬病的流行病学及临床特点,探讨预防措施。方法对泸州医学院附属医院2006-01/2008-10收治的31例狂犬病患者的流行病学和临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果93.5%的患者为农村人口,96.8%的患者未进行有效的伤口处理和疫苗接种。夏秋季为高发季节,临床表现以发热、恐水、怕风、流涎、狂躁为主,一些少见症状如阴茎异常勃起,上消化道出血等可助诊断。多数患者有白细胞总数和中性粒细胞比例增高。病死率100%。结论狂犬病的防治重点在农村,加强动物检疫和犬只管理、暴露后正确及时的伤口处理及疫苗接种,可以有效地降低狂犬病的发病率。目前狂犬病的诊断主要靠犬咬伤史和典型的临床表现,尚无治愈方法。
Objective To analyze the epidemiology and clinical features of rabies and to explore the preventive measures. Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of 31 rabies patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from January 2006 to October 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 93.5% of the patients were rural residents, and 96.8% of the patients did not receive effective wounds and vaccinations. Summer and autumn is the high season, the clinical manifestations of fever, fear of water, fear of wind, salivation, mania-based, some uncommon symptoms such as abnormal penile erection, upper gastrointestinal bleeding can help diagnose. Most patients have an increase in the total number of leukocytes and neutrophils. Case fatality rate of 100%. Conclusion The focus of prevention and treatment of rabies is in rural areas. Strengthening animal quarantine and dog management, proper and timely wound treatment and vaccination after exposure can effectively reduce the incidence of rabies. The current diagnosis of rabies mainly depends on the history of dog bites and the typical clinical manifestations, there is no cure.