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对技术创新与市场结构间的关系有两种分析方法:一种分析是较为传统和相对静态的,强调市场结构对技术创新的影响;分析各种市场结构对创新的激励,并最终集中在效率与福利的规范问题上。在这类分析中,“市场结构如何产生”的问题没有提到,产业内的企业数和研究开发与销售额的比率也是同时确定的,没有因果关系。另一种方法采用动态分析,强调技术创新与技术进步对市场结构的影响,产业结构的“发展”而不是产业结构的“影响”成为研究的主要课题。本文拟先后从这两个角度研究市场结构与技术创新的关系,并对影响研究结果的因素作出分析。
There are two ways to analyze the relationship between technological innovation and market structure: one is more traditional and relatively static, emphasizing the impact of market structure on technological innovation, the other is analyzing the incentives for innovation in various market structures and ultimately focusing on efficiency And welfare issues on the standard. In this type of analysis, there is no mention of the issue of how market structure is generated. The number of firms in the industry and the ratio of R & D to sales are also determined at the same time without any causal link. Another method uses dynamic analysis, emphasizing the impact of technological innovation and technological progress on the market structure, and the “development” of industrial structure rather than the “influence” of industrial structure has become the main topic of research. This article intends to study the relationship between market structure and technological innovation from these two perspectives and analyzes the factors influencing the research results.