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水土资源合理利用及生态环境可持续发展是当前水土流失综合治理研究的热点问题。论文以密云县石匣小流域近10年水土流失综合治理的数据为基础,综合探讨了石匣小流域水土流失综合治理措施的结构和功能,分析了水保效益及经济效益。研究表明,工程措施及生物措施合理布置是控制水土流失的关键,在北方地区,由于降雨量偏少,水分是影响植被措施的关键,研究表明阴坡的水分要好于阳坡,植被封郁度也好于阳坡,因此在实施生物措施时应该考虑阴坡、阳坡对植被的影响,在实施生物措施时必须结合工程措施;土地利用结构的调整,是控制水土流失最有效的途径,石匣小流域土地利用经过十几年调整,森林覆盖度显著增加,已由治理初期的44%增加至目前的80%以上,土壤侵蚀面积已经由1992年的32.22 km2下降到1999年的0.1763 km2,土壤侵蚀模数降至422 t/(km2.a),相当于治理前的16.9%,同时收到很好的社会经济效益,人均年收入已经由1991年的670元增加至2001年底的2830元左右;目前石匣小流域综合治理范式已经达到可持续发展程度,这种范式的总结为密云县水土流失综合治理乃至整个北方土石山区水土流失的防治提供了借鉴作用及样板。
The rational utilization of water and land resources and the sustainable development of ecological environment are the hot issues in the current research on comprehensive control of soil and water loss. Based on the data of comprehensive management of soil and water loss in Shixia catchment in Miyun County, this paper comprehensively discusses the structure and function of comprehensive control measures for soil and water loss in Shixia small watershed, and analyzes the benefits and economic benefits of soil and water conservation. The research shows that the rational arrangement of engineering measures and biological measures is the key to controlling soil erosion. In the northern part of China, the moisture is the key factor affecting the vegetation due to the low rainfall, and the research shows that the moisture of the shady slope is better than that of the sunny slope. Therefore, in the implementation of biological measures, the influence of shady slopes and sunny slopes on vegetation should be considered and engineering measures must be incorporated in the implementation of biological measures. The adjustment of land use structure is the most effective way to control soil erosion. After more than a decade of land use change, the forest coverage has increased significantly from 44% in the early stage of governance to over 80% at present. The area of soil erosion has dropped from 32.22 km2 in 1992 to 0.1763 km2 in 1999, The modulus of soil erosion dropped to 422 t / (km2.a), equivalent to 16.9% before treatment, and at the same time received very good social and economic benefits. The annual per capita income has risen from 670 yuan in 1991 to 2830 yuan by the end of 2001 ; Now Shixia small catchment comprehensive management paradigm has reached the level of sustainable development, this paradigm summary for the comprehensive management of soil erosion in Miyun County and the entire northern mountainous areas of soil erosion prevention and control For reference and model.