哈特和内格里在《帝国》和《大众》中认为,后福特制的主要以交流和情感为内容的“非物质”劳动已经在今天的社会生活中取得了主导地位,它们使生产和社会关系的各种形式都得到了改变。由于大众是交流和情感的创造者,哈特和内格里就把后福特制社会称为大众的时代。哈特和内格里把 Hart and Negri, in “The Empire” and “The Mass,” argue that post-Fordist “immaterial” labor, dominated by communication and emotion, has taken the dominant position in today’s social life by bringing the production and Various forms of social relations have been changed. Because the public was the creator of communication and emotion, Hart and Negri referred to the post-Ford society as the age of the general public. Hart and Negri put it