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研究了南阳大豆5个推广时期17个代表品种农艺性状的演变和发展趋势。结果表明,在大豆品种更替过程中,农艺性状演变表现为植株高度明显降低,百粒重、单株粒重和有效分枝数大幅度增加,底荚高和单株荚数趋于稳定,百粒重对单株粒重的提高起着决定性作用。从主要栽培品种种植比例变化情况看,其发展趋势为品种熟期变早;植株变矮,抗倒伏能力增强;粒型增大;品质改善。推广品种的变化,适应了南阳的生态条件、耕作栽培制度的改革以及商品流通的需要。随着生产水平的提高和生态育种的发展,大豆品种更替周期将进一步缩短。
The evolution and development trend of agronomic traits of 17 representative cultivars during the five promotion periods of soybean in Nanyang Soybean were studied. The results showed that during the process of soybean variety alternation, the agronomic traits evidently showed that the plant height was obviously decreased, the grain weight per plant, the grain weight per plant and the number of effective branches increased sharply, the height of pods and pods per plant tended to be stable, Grain weight per plant weight increase plays a decisive role. According to the changes of planting proportion of major cultivars, the development trend of the cultivars is that the maturity of cultivars becomes earlier; the plant becomes shorter and the lodging resistance is enhanced; the grain size is increased; and the quality is improved. Promote changes in varieties to adapt to the ecological conditions in Nanyang, farming and cultivation system reform and the needs of commodity circulation. With the improvement of production level and the development of ecological breeding, the replacement cycle of soybean varieties will be further shortened.